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BINOMIAL BEHAVIOR OF ATTACK (open to criticism built and sustained)

BEHAVIOUR OF BINOMIAL ATTACK

SUMMARY

1 ___ Introduction

2 ___ Development

3 ___ Various steps to take

___ 4 Conclusion

1 - INTRODUCTION:

Since too many fatal accidents on fire in Sweden, Belgium, France, England, Canada or United States, many steps to take were implemented to ensure maximum protection of personnel, particularly in the context of commitments in the containers. We have learned to observe and share our perspective of a disaster.

However after number of personnel to the BSPP including trainers, referees and fire units to fire, too much precaution can break the rhythm of an intervention. Security measures must be created for our secure without delay the rescue. We also check in a pragmatic way that security measures do not diminish the quality of emergency services.

following describes the behavior of a pair of attack, facing the fire container, open to controversy Starting from the premise or the team who "fit" must be efficient, fast and secure.

These writings are bases on the vision of many individuals like Paul Grimwood, staff of the BSPP (trainers boxes and house fire, "Chief guard doors spear) or various publications found on the Internet (including flashover.fr).

2 - DEVELOPMENT

Each part of this development are linked together (eg in appropriate conduct, Rescue information is automatically carried forward to the development on the rescue.). Therefore regularly reviewing these writings can not forget the synergy that is the aggregate of these rules ...

PRESENCE OF THE DOOR:

a subject that is rarely discussed in the context of improving technical publications is that the presence or absence of intervention on the door. How many lights we can note the presence of one or more door before entering the disaster? The error is not to instill a technical staff (such as the passage of the door) and do not form it to fit the situation including the presence or absence of elements can be used on intervention.

The door is the best pair of attack against a loss. It can be used as a screen against the flames as "valve" cooling face a very warm atmosphere, or as a member for a breakdown or not.

During the journey one or more doors may be encountered, it will then repeat the maneuver portion thereof.

The lack of door does not remove the precautions to take before entering a container housing a disaster. A home is not always behind a door ...

Beforehand it is necessary to look before opening. The observation is done in several points that can be collected simultaneously: the quality of smoke, the presence of blisters on the paint, the presence of electric current on the handle (tested using the back of the hand), presence of thuds, etc..

door open in all cases with care and gentleness that is used by the best and put as much as possible outside the axis of the opening so that the lance holder can gradually see the smoke and then look briefly inside the local spear "water" on hand and all that knees to the ground ready. The door is never closed completely. Putting his head inside the lance holder may consider several important points: the presence of a rescue proved, the quality of the ceiling of smoke, heat the container tracking, the warning signs of phenomena and / or thermal accident or the presence of dangerous objects.

A door will always be used as a screen (openings and closings partial) in a cooling or quenching.

signpost THERMAL ACCIDENT OR DANGEROUS ATMOSPHERE:

The decision of the lance holder against the claim will result in his "reading of the fire."

Warning Signs Backdraft are the following:

- Smoke rich or yellowish

- Eddies or rolls of smoke exiting through a hole

- doing very warm, vibrant

- To and from smoke through the interstices of the door

- Noise inside deaf

- Glass Black

- Slight glow inside

The warning signs of hazardous atmosphere or Flash-over are the following:

- Door hot and / or blistered

- Concept of heat potential of containing

- Ceiling smoke down

- pyrolysis gas from white material surrounding

- Feeling very hot

- Elements surrounding underlying

Many other accidents and signs exist but already after observing the thermal environment provided with these key points, the couple engaged control a major portion of the risks of abrupt change or evolution of the situation. First know and identify these signs intervention (or maneuver training) is an important basis. "A light base" of knowledge allows both to observe, think and act quickly.

BINOMIAL BEHAVIOR OF ATTACK:

It is necessary that the binomial engaging including the lance holder knows to share things between reflection and action. The rapid observation of its environment can be done simultaneously with establishing means "water", will enable it to act primarily for his safety and for the attack.

face a risk of the binomial Backdraft reports to the authority will take action accordingly (outflow, outgoing, holes, Cobra launches , etc..). If the measure eliminates the risk of an accident the pair will assess the situation before entering (if we go!).

If the risk is ongoing and should be returned, the carrier launches cool the room by "pulsing" at each door opening slightly. And until that changes the thermal situation.

Faced with signs of severe heat or severe temperature changes the carrier launches cool as the room by pulsing.

During his advance, the carrier launches pulsate every 2 meters to allow particles of water suspended above him in case heat the room has become tolerable.

If attempts are ineffective cooling, then the pair folds, while jogging in a place where the heat is bearable (usually a few meters of withdrawal is sufficient).

From the moment when the heat is considered too high (binomial forced to bend over) the pair will stop its progression, and will ease somewhat cool and the pulsating atmosphere until progress is possible under the proper conditions.

The increase will be to "4 legs" by successive advances of about 2 meters along the walls, if possible, off-axis opening / exiting .

position stabilized buddy in a smoky environment is kneeling to allow any position to "belly".

If possible downturn, the pair will stretch facing the ground, launching over helmets, protection, spray, full power, full speed.

And if staff are aware of details that could improve their fire, free to them to make choices within the rules or any base are observed.

BEHAVIOR OF TWO BODIES FORMING THE BINOMIAL:

The concept of pairing is essential in the job of firefighter. It is a good value to ensure a safe and secure work on intervention. Here we discuss this concept in the context of an attack on a fire container. The information in this text will be largely applicable to other cases in which the pair occurs.



The accompanying (Called for in the BSPP) will play a key role in securing the pair at each of its shares. It will primarily look at the second disaster. It will take the necessary perspective to determine:

- The effectiveness of the action of the lance holder

- risk-taking useful and useless

- Access paths and non-observed

- The hostility of the atmosphere

- Various details it deems important

-carrier spear him, during its progress regularly take into account the advice of his companion. It will automatically advance if it manifests any difficulty.

Action of accompanying him on the hose from the "attack line" of his lance holder will continually facilitate the handling of his RMDL (or LDV). He put the hose down the level of the lance when the lance holder wants to perform an action in the upper part and lift the line so that manipulation of the lance face at the bottom. The accompanying block movements back and forth from the line during the pulse, whatever, so that the lance holder have little impact. A major challenge for the (accompanying) will be to advance or rewind the line according to the demands of travel and lance holder. No need to go the entire length the pipe before the full penetration of the binomial. The pull of the pipe will be phased in carefully and sparingly.

If the hose is pinched off the binomial, the accompanying avoid maximum away from his partner to release it to the extent that staff outside handles this task. If the situation does not improve then used warn his buddy for his actions before going to loosen up his line. The lance holder will keep him full opportunity to retreat with his partner or not.

Both personal binomial place themselves as far as possible staggered to ease their communication.

The lance holder will not hesitate to explain the actions it considers necessary for the tenement.

LAUNCHES ACTION:

In clear properly extinguish a fire under any circumstances, the action of the launches will be key.

action taken in the context of a termination without the presence of the door will be a setting to speed up the spear and "Pulsing- pensiling ": 3 openings / closures of the spear complete (less than one second), flow 100/150 L / min, spray attack cone set depending on the configuration premises, at the top before the interval to be about 5 seconds, then 3 package pools of water, straight stream, partial opening / closing of the nozzle (less than one second) sparsely distributed on the basis of the home. It is important that these last three deposits are composed of large drops at low speed of projection. So the operations (3 top, 3 bottom) separated by intervals of 5 seconds, the lance holder can control the hot gases in the upper part (as well as flammability) and the intensity of the home at the bottom.

The lance holder must not hesitate to increase or decrease the intervals for breaks depending on the steam generated. When the fireplace to reduce significantly the spear will set a rate for depositing heavy drops on the way home very quietly, without violent action to avoid the risk of burns and volatilization of particle ignition.

The action starts in the context of extinction with the presence of a door as a screen, will be the following: several openings closures lance, spray attack suitable set flow rate between 100 and 150 L / min, which may be extended a little more than a second, closing the door to each set for about ten seconds to leave on the amount of water injected.

Under the sign of the presence of hazardous atmosphere, or accident thermal pulsing action will not increase. Several openings / closures complete set rate at 100/150 L / min, spray attack, running time of less than a second (to avoid disturbing the atmosphere heat) until progression or become possible again. During its cooling each element can be used as a screen (door, wall, furniture, etc.)..

The flow will be set between 100 and 150 L / min to minimize the fallout and also water to the steam produced does comes to burn the binomial. A maximum flow can be used in case of attack from outside and where water damage is not the priority (warehouse fire, completely burning house, etc.).

packets of water can be deposited on the elements "pyrolysis" or ignition.

In another case during an attack from the outside or cut propagation, jet lance never directly run in a window, an outgoing or an outlet while a team is engaged inside the room because the action of the latter can be fatal to the binomial engaged.

In all cases it will be essential to differentiate between cases where the flames are visible or not. Non-visible flames rise + / cooling, flames visible = extinction.

TECHNICAL Pulsing:

DIFFERENT IF	FLOW	REHEARSALS	TERM
Progression	100/150 L / min	A completely 2 meters	Less than a second
Cooling	100/150 L / min	Until progress possible in an acceptable	Less than a second
Extinction	100/150 L / min	Up extinction	Less than a second

SENSATIONS OF BINOMIAL:

In the whole will require that the pair found a balance between safety regulations and sensations. The issues to regulate the action of a staff are:

- My sensations are good?

- The basic rules are they respected?

- The sensations of my buddy are good?

- How do I optimize my actions?

The increase will depend on a binomial and another. Those will stay in constant communication. To "feel" their environment they will take the time to continually observe the situation in order to denote the signs can change the way they grow (eg : felt after a strong heat and vision elements surrounding plastic melting, the carrier launches cool the atmosphere).

effort on intervention occur in a measured way to allow players to remain in possession of resources physical case of "blow" ... The notion of burning when the progression is not permitted! Needless to leave the body ravaged by burns or wounds are to have work done correctly.

RESCUE:

The presence of a victim to extract a local stricken motivate the pair will engage in its progression. However, no If this motivation will not incur disproportionately physical integrity of stakeholders.

Clearly the only cases where the pair will take care of the environment before the rescue will be:

- The presence of risk of thermal injury.

- The presence of a hazard involving personal physical integrity (preventing heat up without burns, electric arc, etc.).

Indeed, in cases following the binomial think first to solve the commitment problem: cooling fluids dams ( ex: electricity), etc.. Because if it is impossible to equip a pair of penetrating is that the state of the victim inside this is probably unassailable ...

part where salvage is available and most visible (or a location near and certain), accompanying (used) will detach from the fire hose to go retrieve the victim. The lance holder, it will remain visible to the personnel involved in the case of an accident (fire personnel involved, the victim could not be extracted, etc.).. The lance holder will be the "eyes" of staff to extract the victim and notify in case of situation degenerating.

In no event shall action starts when a staff is hired for a rescue. The victim extracted, the lance holder closes the door and help his buddy to get the victim to safety.

In all cases the victim will be removed as carefully as possible. Then subsequently re-engage the stakeholders.

3 - LINES TO TAKE

Many different cases is presented against a buddy coming. We see here the most common cases. In other situations more "complex" it will adapt by observing the basic rules. Important information which regulate the course of the intervention will be highlighted in red .

Various cases of behavior to be classified by priority:

- Facing a local casualty: with presence of risk of accident or thermal hazardous atmosphere .

· Observer.

· Fighting against the risk of accidents (cool bar fluids, protection, use the door if there is one).

· Observer inside the room.

· Penetrate if necessary.

· Proceed to extinction (using the door if there is one).

· Ventilate.

- Faced with a devastated local : concept with rescue , without the presence of risk of accident heat or hazardous atmosphere.

· Observer.

· Skip the door if there is one.

· Observer inside the room.

· Perform rescue, closing the door behind.

· Observe again.

· Skip the door again.

· Penetrate if necessary.

· Proceed to extinction (using the door if there is one).

· Ventilate.

- Faced with a devastated local : without visible flames

· Observer.

· Skip the door if there is one.

· Observer inside the room.

· Penetrate if necessary.

· Proceed to extinction (using the door if there is one).

· Ventilate.

- Faced with a devastated local : flames visible no notion of hazardous atmosphere (eg gas cylinders).

· Observer.

· Proceed to extinction (using the door if there is one).

· Ventilate.

4 - CONCLUSIONS

On the whole these writings have nothing to rigid regulations and inescapable. They are simply the result of a reflection of five years of experience and training in fire "put on paper."

In all sections nothing is fixed. The behavior to be presented warn the reader who commit on fire that some action should be avoided and that more will be preferable for him to act as a fire technician. Respond quickly, efficiently and securely will be left to "professional personality".

Christophe Benfeghoul - 24 Co. - CS Villemomble (BSPP) - 4 th Co. - Pump France (CBS)